MATERI BAHASA INGGRIS
I.
TENSES
PRESENT
|
PAST
|
1.
Future = S + will/shall+ V1
2.
Perpect = S + have/has + V3
3.
Continous = S + to be (is am are) + V ing
4.
FP = S + will/shall + have + V3
5.
FC = S + will/shall + to be + V ing
6.
PC = S + have/has + been + V ing
7.
FPC = S + will/shall+ have + been + V ing
8.
Simple => S + V1 (Plural)
ð
S + V1(s/es) (Singular)
|
1.
Future = S + would/should+ V1
2.
Perpect = S + had + V3
3.
Continous = S + to be (was/were) + V ing
4.
FP = S + would/should + had + V3
5.
FC = S + would/should + to be + V ing
6.
PC = S + had + been + V ing
7.
FPC = S + would/should + have + been + V ing
8.
Simple => S + V2 (Plural)
S + V2(s/es)
(Singular)
|
Modal 1: can, may, must, shall,will
Modal 2: chould, might,-----, should, would
Kata kerja berdasarkan Tenses
Present
|
Past (V2)
|
Past Perpect (V3)
|
Present Perfect
|
To invinitive
|
invinitive(V1)
|
Is/am/are
Go/goes
Have/has
|
Was/were
Went
had
|
Been
Gone
had
|
Being
Going
having
|
To be
To go
To have
|
Be
Go
have
|
Beda Because dan because of
1.
Because diikuti clausa (S + V) => because she
went to bali, she was absent
2.
Because of didikuti Noun/noun phrase =>
because of going to bali, she was absent
Pengandaian
If were a president, I would remove test TOEFL
Tipe I => If + S + v1, S + M1 + V1
Tipe II => If + S + V3, S + M2 + M3
Tipe III => If + S + had + V3, S + M2 + have + V3
CONDITION SENTENCES
TIPE
|
fAKTA
|
PENGANDAIAN
|
Ket
|
I
|
Masa depan
|
||
II
|
Present
+
-
|
Pengandaian
-
+
|
Sekarang, apapun S nya tobenya harus were
|
II
|
Past
|
Past perfect/PF perfect
|
Masa lampau/masa lalu
|
Penggunaan Have
Have punya 4 arti => memiliki, sudah, harus dan menyuruh
1.
Memiliki/mempunyai => S + have/had/has + N
Contoh: she has two boy friends
She does not have two boy friends (-)
She did not have two boy friends (-)
2.
Sudah => S + have/had/has + V3
Contoh: she has had 2 boy friends
She had had 2 boy friends
(had1; perpect, had2: V3)
She has not had have two boy friends (-)
3.
Harus => S + have/had/has + to infinitive
Contoh: you have to studying TOEFL
4.
Menyuruh => a). S + have/had/has + O
(biasanya orang) + V1
Contoh: she had him help her
b). S + have/had/has + O (dikenai
pekerjaan) + V3
contoh: I have the would (tembok) painted
(dicat) blue
REDUCE CLAUSE
1.
Ving + …… + S + V => melakukan pekerjaan
Contoh: living alone she feel sad (sedih)
2.
Conector + Ving +……+ S + V
Because she
living alone, she feels sad (sedih) atau bisa juga because she lives
alone, she feels sad=> Jadinya: Because living alone, she feel
sad=========== subyeknya dihapus
3.
V 3 +……………+ S +V => dikenai pekerjaan
4.
C+ V 3 +……………+ S +V => dikenai pekerjaan
Contoh when left (ditinggal) alone she feel
sad
KESESUAIAN
Pernyataan I
|
Pernyataan II
|
Ada tobe
Ada modals
Ada have/had/has
Kalau tidak ada tobe/modals/have/had/has
|
Harus juga ada to be
Harus ada modals
Harus Ada have/had/has
Pakai do/does/did
|
Contoh: she is tall, and so am I
Wahyudi has a wife, and aji does too (and so does Aji)
She will come love, and they will too (and so will they),
She had been to bali, and I had too (and so had I)
Untuk bentuk yang negative
Neither, either, nor artinya juga
Contoh:
She can’t swim, and I can’t either (and Neither can’t I)
They have not been to bali, and she was not either (and
neither has she)
INVERSI KARENA KOMPERATIVE
Fais is older than Futu is
Fais is older than is Futu
Fais home town is close than is Futu’s
Putu has (punya) more money than Fais does (does Fais)
Wahyudi had (sudah) visited (V3) Bali more than had Futu
PASIVE => S + to be + V3 (S dari Obyek)
Active => S + V + O = > She studied English
Pasive => S + to be + V3 => English was studied by her
Active => she will give them some money
Pasive => They (dari them) will given (V3dari give) some
money
Some Money will given to them by her
Sentence
|
Active
|
Pasive
|
Present Future
Past Future
|
S + will/shall + V1
S+ would/should + V1
|
S + will/shall + be + V3
S + would/shoul + be + V3
|
Present perfect
Past perfect
|
S + have (jamak)/has (tunggal) + V3
S + had+ V3
She has given them some money
|
S + have /has +been + V3
S + had +been + V3
They have been given some money
Some money has been given to them by her
|
Present continous
Past coninous
|
S + tobe (is am are) + V ing
S + was/ were + V ing
She is giving some money
She was giving some money
|
S + tobe (is am are) +being+ V3
S + was/were +being+ V3
They are being given some money by her
Some money was being given to them by her
|
Simple Present
Simple past
|
S + V1/es/s
S + V2
She gives them some money
She gave them some money
|
S + is/am/are + V3
S + was/were + V3
They are given some money
They were given some money
|
Contoh lain:
They can not use this room => this room can not be use by
them
CONCORD/KESESUAIAN
|
Every body/some body/no body/any
body/each+Nsing
Every thing/some thing/no
thing/any thing/ever+ Nsing
Contoh:
1. every one is infited to the party
2. no one knows whether, she will come or no
3. Each student gets a book
Each/one of + N plural +
V singular
Contoh: each of the students gets a new book
ADJECTIVE + N
I am strong man
You are very diligent student
Ajectivi è(menerangkan) N
Adverb è(menerangkan) Verb/Adj/ Adverb yang lain
Adverb of manner : loud + ly => loudly
There + to be + N => (to be tergantung N nya jamak atau
singular)
Is/was/ has been (tunggal), are/were/will be/have been/must
have been (jamak)
There will be a test tomorrow
There was an accident inferat of post office
REDUCE CLAUSE
Clause (S +V) yang dipendekan
Sub cause (anak kalimat), main clause (induk kalimat)
Pola umum => S+V…C… S+V .. C… S+V
Contoh: She was absent because she went to Bali
Dipendekan => she was absent because going to bali
Untuk yang konektornya depan
While she was studying in yogya, she got a husband
ð
While studying in yogya, she got a husband
After she had finished studying, she went to Malioboro
ð
After having finished studying, she went to
Malioboro
Rumusnya
1.
=> C + Ving ….., S + V (melakukan); because
living alone, she fills sad
ð
Ving ………….,S +V; she living alone, she fills sad
=> living alone, she fills sad
2.
=> C + V3….., S+V
ð
V3….., S+V; left alone, she fills sad
3.
C + Adj…., S+V; when sich, she always visits him
AJECTIVE CLAUSE
Adj menjelaskan N
Clausa menjelaskn S +V
Adj clause menjelaskan S+V lalu menjelaskan N
Contoh adj clause:
Who => sebagai subyek; who biasanya diikuti V
Whom => sebagai O; whom diikuti S +V
Contoh dalam kalimat
1.
Wahyudi is from Banjarmasin
2.
Wahyudi is diligent
Wahyudi (wahyudi is from Banjarmasin) is diligent =>
wahyudi who is from banjarmaisn is diligent
Contoh lain:
Bejo is very strong
Trimbil loves bejo
Bejo (Trimbil loves bejo) is very strong
ð
Bejo whom trimbil loves is very strong
Who/which/that + V
KK TERTENTU YANG FORMNYA V ing atau V3 TAPI FUNGSINYA
ADJECTIVE
Boring (membosankan)
Interesting (mementingkan)
Surprising (menegjutkan)
Frightening(menakutkan)
|
Bored (bosan)
Surprised (dipentingkan)
Surprised (terkejut/dikejutkan)
Frightened (ketakutan)
|
Contoh: she is boring (membosankan); she is bored (dia
bosan)
Many people are surprised by the incident in Mojokerto
PARARELISME =KESETARAAN => sisi kiri dan kanan harus sama
Adjective
Adverb
Preposisi
Clause
V3
V ing
To infinitive
dst
|
AND
OR
BUT
|
Adjective
Adverb
Preposisi
Clause
V3
V ing
To infinitive
dst
|
Contoh: she has composed (V3) 10 song and (Connector) wrote (V2)
10 … (SALAH)
she has composed (V3) 10
song and (Connector) written (V3) 10 … (benar)
ANAK KALIMAT SELALU DIDAHULUI CONECTOR (REDUCE CLAUSE)
1.
Dona gots a new boy friend, while she
studied in UNY => Dona gots a new boy friend, while studYING in UNY
(subyek pada sub clause dihapus, verbnya jadi V ing)
2.
while she studied in UNY, Dona gots a new
boy friend => while studYING in UNY, Dona gots a new boy friend
(subyek pada sub clause dihapus, verbnya jadi V ing)
3.
After she ate bakso, she deed (keracunan) =>
after eating bakso, she deed
PILIHAN VOCAB HARUS DIPERHATIKAN (SAAT KAPAN NOUN, ADJ ATAU
ADVERB)
Contoh: the beautiful of women is not important
(salah, karena subyek harus N misalnya beauty)
PENGGUNAAN as………. As
dan the same ……….. as
As ADJECTIVIE/ADVERB as
1.
Dona is as old (adj) as mini
2.
Tom can run as ariely (adv) as jery
3.
Dona is as older as doni (SALAH karena
older untuk koparative => dona is older than doni
THE SAME + NOUN + AS
Dona is the same age (noun) as mini
MODIFIER
A number/many/few/a few/ fewer/ several
|
+ N plural (countable)
|
Much/little/a little/ less/amount
|
+ uncountable
|
ATURAN REDUCE CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
|
SUB CLAUSE
|
PRESENT
|
BOLEH PRESENT, BOLEH PAST
|
PAST
|
HARUS PAST
|
Contoh:
The man who ( C) Running fast is my friend (salah karena
who/which/that hanya boleh diikuti V2 atau V present)
The man who ( C) is Running fast is my friend (benar)
NOUN CLAUSE
S + v + (C + S + V) => yang dikurung adlah noun clause
sehingga dapat menjadi obyek
Do you know…?
a.
What did she do yesterday
b.
What(C ) she (S) did (V) yesterday (benar)
c.
She did what yesterday
She investigated ….. for long tiem
a.
How (c ) bats (s) live in colony (benar)
b.
How did bats live in colony
REDUCE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
The man (s) who (c = s) loved her was my friend =>
the man (s ) loving (adj) her was my friend
The man who was arrested was a robber => The man
arrested (adj) was a robber (who was dihapus)
SETELAH HAVE/HAS/HAD TIDAK BOLEH ADJECTIVE
She has thirsty (adj) (slah) => she has thirsty dogs (N)
They have beautiful (salah) => They have beautiful friend
In Jakarta, it has again the law to smoke in public
(salah karena againd adj)
In Jakarta, it again
the law to smoke in public (boleh, krn tdk ada has)
The war (S) ….3 countries ended (V) after long talk
a.
Involved (adj juga tapi kurang cocok krn artinya
dilibatkan)
b.
Involving (benar krn ajd yang berarti
melibatkan)
c.
Involves (verb, tidak boleh double verb)
d.
For involve
PENGGUNAAN WHOSE
N + WHOSE + N (N YANG KEDUA MILIK N PERTAMA)
The man whose wite is pretty is my neighbor
The horse whose tail is very…
KATA2 KHUSUS
Request/demand/command/propose/require/insist/recomend
|
+ that + S + V1
|
1.
They insisted that she be (V1) punished
(benar)
2.
They insisted (v2) that se go to Jakarta
(go V1, benar)
3.
They insist that she go to jkt (benar)
PENGGUNAAN LIKE DAN UNLIKE
LIKE/UNLIKE + N, S + V
Like john, tom is strong
Unlike tom, jery is strongly
Like tom, jery likes cheese (like pertama=> diawal
kalimat: mirip/sebagaimana, like kedua => setelah S = suka)
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